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Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

Post Date:

2017-04-27

Publication:

Handbook of Tuberculosis

This chapter addresses the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis highlighting drug classes, recommended regimens, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, and practical aspects of monitoring, The principles of treatment of latent tuberculosis are also addressed including whom to treat, what...

Clinical features and diagnosis of tuberculosis: primary infection and progressive pulmonary tuberculosis

Post Date:

2017-04-27

Publication:

Handbook of Tuberculosis

In this chapter, we will review the clinical manifestations of intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), including pathophysiology and clinical features of primary and secondary or reactivation TB. Specific topics discussed are the physical examination, and microbiological, radiological, and immunological...

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Post Date:

2017-04-27

Publication:

Handbook of Tuberculosis

M. tuberculosis (MTB) can cause disease in almost any organ of the body. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is defined as tuberculosis (TB) disease outside of the lung parenchyma [1]. Much like pulmonary TB, EPTB can occur as a primary infection or as reactivation of a latent focus with subsequent...

High burden of antimicrobial resistance and mortality among adults and children with community-onset bacterial infections in India

Post Date:

2017-04-15

Publication:

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Country:

India

Of 133 isolates from 115 patients, 50% were multi-drug resistant; of 33 isolates tested for carbapenem susceptibility, 36% were resistant.

Resident doctors' attitudes toward tuberculosis patients

Post Date:

2017-04-15

Publication:

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis

Country:

India

Background: The attitude of the resident doctors toward tuberculosis (TB) patients can affect their treatment seeking behavior, compliance to treatment as well as reinforce the stigma attached to the disease by the society at large. Aims: To assess the attitudes of resident medical doctors toward...

Novel interferon-gamma assays for diagnosing tuberculosis in young children in India

Post Date:

2017-04-01

Publication:

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Country:

India

Setting: The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used as supportive evidence to diagnose active tuberculosis (TB). Novel IGRAs could improve diagnosis, but data are lacking in young children. Design: Children (age 5 years or younger) with suspected TB were...

Prevalence of HIV testing provision at community organizations serving young people in a mid-Atlantic city, 2013-2014

Post Date:

2017-03-31

Publication:

Public Health Reports

Country:

United States

Objectives: Little is known about the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing at community organizations or the organizational characteristics associated with testing. The objective of this study was to describe (1) the prevalence of HIV testing at community organizations serving...

Reducing uncertainty for acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings: the current diagnostic landscape

Post Date:

2017-03-27

Publication:

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

After decades of slow progress in diagnostics for acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings, a wave of converging advancements will enable clinicians in resource limited settings to reduce uncertainty for the diagnosis of acute febrile illness.

The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and incurable tuberculosis

Post Date:

2017-03-24

Publication:

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Global tuberculosis incidence has declined marginally over the past decade, and tuberculosis remains out of control in several parts of the world including Africa and Asia. Although tuberculosis control has been effective in some regions of the world, these gains are threatened by the increasing...

Cost-effectiveness of CRAG-LFA screening for cryptococcal meningitis among people living with HIV in Uganda

Post Date:

2017-03-23

Publication:

BMC Infectious Diseases

Country:

Uganda

Background : Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) constitutes a significant source of mortality in resource-limited regions. Cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) can be detected in the blood before onset of meningitis. We sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of implementing CRAG screening using the recently...

High prevalence of cryptococcal antigenaemia amongst asymptomatic advanced HIV patients in Pune, India

Post Date:

2017-03-21

Publication:

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Country:

India

Methods : A prospective study was conducted in a large public sector ART centre and the inpatient wards of Sassoon Hospital, Pune, India. All consenting patients> 18 years of age with CD4 count <100 cells/mm3 were screened for CrAg by latex agglutination assay. Those with positive CrAg...

Patients fifty years and older attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics in Baltimore, Maryland

Post Date:

2017-03-15

Publication:

International Journal of STD & AIDS

Country:

United States

Abstract : Many individuals remain sexually active into their eighth decade. Surveillance data suggest that rates of sexually transmitted infections in older patients are increasing. We compared demographics, risk behaviors, and predictors of acute infections in patients 50 years and older versus...

Chilling effect? Post-election health care use by undocumented and mixed-status families

Post Date:

2017-03-08

Publication:

New England Journal of Medicine

Country:

United States

Perspective article from Dr. Kathleen Page in the New England Journal of Medicine

Modelling approaches for tuberculosis: are they realistic?

Post Date:

2017-03-01

Publication:

The Lancet Global Health

Country:

India

Letter by Dr. Sachin Atre in The Lancet Global Health.

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2017-02-06

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Country:

Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized. Methods: We...

¡Sólo se vive una vez! (you only live once): a pilot evaluation of individually tailored video modules aiming to increase HIV testing among foreign-born Latino men

Post Date:

2017-02-01

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Country:

United States

BACKGROUND: Although Latinos living in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV, the development, implementation, and evaluation of HIV prevention, testing, and linkage to care interventions lag behind efforts occurring in other communities. To address sociocultural barriers to...

Tuberculosis associated with HIV infection

Post Date:

2017-01-15

Publication:

Microbiology Spectrum

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) has recently surpassed HIV as the primary infectious disease killer worldwide, but the two diseases continue to display lethal synergy. The burden of TB is disproportionately borne by people living with HIV, particularly where HIV and poverty coexist. The impact of these...

Qualitative insights into implementation, processes, and outcomes of a randomized trial on peer support and HIV care engagement in Rakai, Uganda

Post Date:

2017-01-10

Publication:

BMC Infectious Diseases

Country:

Uganda

BACKGROUND: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have not yet initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) can benefit from being engaged in care and utilizing preventive interventions. Community-based peer support may be an effective approach to promote these important HIV services...

The socioecology of sexual and reproductive health care use among young urban minority males

Post Date:

2017-01-05

Publication:

Journal of Adolescent Health

Country:

United States

Purpose: To explore perceptions of facilitators/barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care use among an urban sample of African-American and Hispanic young men aged 15-24 years, including sexual minorities. Methods: Focus groups were conducted between April 2013 and May 2014 in one mid-...

The ripple effect: why promoting female leadership in global health matters

Post Date:

2016-12-21

Publication:

Public Health Action

Leadership positions in global health are greatly skewed toward men; the imbalance is more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The under-representation of women in leadership is a threat to gender equality, and also impacts the improvement of women's health outcomes globally. In...