Publications

Epidemiological impact of achieving UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets for HIV care in India: a modelling study

Post Date: 
2016-07-07
Publication: 
BMJ Open
Country: 
India
Objective: Recent UNAIDS ‘90-90-90’ targets propose that to end the HIV epidemic by 2030, 90% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide should know their diagnosis, 90% of diagnosed PLWH should be on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 90% of PLWH on ART should be virally suppressed by 2020. We...

Inflammation and change in body weight with antiretroviral therapy initiation in a multinational cohort of HIV-infected adults

Post Date: 
2016-07-01
Publication: 
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Country: 
India
Background: Both wasting and obesity are associated with inflammation, but the extent to which body weight changes influence inflammation during human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown. Methods: Among a random virologically suppressed participants of the Prospective Evaluation of...

Defining clinical excellence in adult infectious disease practice

Post Date: 
2016-06-16
Publication: 
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Country: 
United States
Clinical excellence should be recognized, particularly in the current climate that appropriately prioritizes relationship-centered care. In order to develop a recognition model, a definition of clinical excellence must be created and agreed upon. A paradigm recently suggested by C. Christmas...

Isoniazid hair concentrations in children with tuberculosis: a proof of concept study

Post Date: 
2016-06-01
Publication: 
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Country: 
India
Assessing treatment adherence and quantifying exposure to anti-tuberculosis drugs among children is challenging. We undertook a 'proof of concept' study to assess the drug concentrations of isoniazid (INH) in hair as a therapeutic drug monitoring tool. Children aged <12 years initiated on a...

Public health clinic-based hepatitis C testing and linkage to care in Baltimore

Post Date: 
2016-05-15
Publication: 
Journal of Viral Hepatitis
Country: 
United States
Testing and linkage to care are important determinants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment effectiveness. Public health clinics serve populations at high risk of HCV. We investigated their potential to serve as sites for HCV testing, initiation of and linkage to HCV care. Cross-sectional study of...

Applying ethical principles to international community-based research; a case study from the Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS/TB Epidemic

Post Date: 
2016-05-15
This paper describes how one set of HIV-TB prevention research studies put procedures in place to be responsive to these foundational ethical principles when interacting with communities in large population-based, global public health research.

Management and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): addressing policy needs for India

Post Date: 
2016-05-06
Publication: 
Journal of Public Health Policy
Country: 
India
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) challenges TB control efforts because of delays in diagnosis plus its long-term treatment which has toxic effects. Of TB high-incidence countries, India carries the highest burden of MDR-TB cases. We describe policy issues in India concerning MDR-TB...

High proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low prevalence setting: a retrospective cohort study

Post Date: 
2016-04-29
Publication: 
Public Health
Country: 
United States
Objectives: The proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in the United States (US) has been rising due to a slower rate of decline in EPTB compared to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The purpose of this study was to characterise the clinical and treatment differences between EPTB and...

Persistently elevated C-reactive protein level in the first year of antiretroviral therapy, despite virologic suppression, is associated with HIV disease progression in resource-constrained settings

Post Date: 
2016-04-01
Publication: 
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
United States
Zimbabwe
A case-cohort analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) was performed within a multicountry randomized trial (PEARLS) to assess the prevalence of persistently elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, based on serial measurements of...

Inflammation and change in body weight with antiretroviral therapy initiation in a multinational cohort of HIV-infected adults

Post Date: 
2016-04-01
Publication: 
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
United States
Zimbabwe
Background: Both wasting and obesity are associated with inflammation, but the extent to which body weight changes influence inflammation during human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown. Methods: Among a random virologically suppressed participants of the Prospective Evaluation of...

High tuberculosis risk among medical trainees, Pune, India

Post Date: 
2016-03-22
Publication: 
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Country: 
India
During 2012–2013, at a public hospital in Pune, India, 26 (3.9%) cases of tuberculosis were reported among 662 medical trainees, representing an estimated incidence of 3,279 cases/100,000 person-years. Three of these infections were isoniazid-resistant, 1 was multidrug-resistant, and 1 occurred in...

Empirical tuberculosis therapy versus isoniazid in adult outpatients with advanced HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (REMEMBER): a multicountry open-label randomised controlled trial

Post Date: 
2016-03-19
Publication: 
The Lancet
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Kenya
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Background: Mortality within the first 6 months after initiating antiretroviral therapy is common in resource-limited settings and is often due to tuberculosis in patients with advanced HIV disease. Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended in HIV-positive adults, but subclinical tuberculosis can...

Effect of the US National HIV/AIDS Strategy targets for improved HIV care engagement: a modelling study

Post Date: 
2016-03-15
Publication: 
Lancet HIV
Country: 
United States
Background : The recently updated White House National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) includes specific progress indicators to improve the HIV care continuum in the USA, but the economic and epidemiological effect of achieving those indicators remains unclear. We aimed to project the impact of achieving...

Ecological momentary assessment of illicit drug use compared to biological and self-reported methods

Post Date: 
2016-03-15
Publication: 
Journal of Medical Internet Research
Country: 
United States
Background: The use of mHealth methods for capturing illicit drug use and associated behaviors have become more widely used in research settings, yet there is little research as to how valid these methods are compared to known measures of capturing and quantifying drug use. Objective: We examined...

Infectious Diseases (ID) Learning Unit: How rapidly to evaluate for active tuberculosis disease in low-prevalence settings

Post Date: 
2016-03-11
Publication: 
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Country: 
United States
With declining tuberculosis (TB) incidence in low-prevalence settings, many clinicians are likely unaware that the approach to diagnosing active TB is evolving with newer technologies. Rapid molecular assays are commercially available, and more are likely to enter the market in the coming years...

Cohort for Tuberculosis Research by the Indo-US Medical Partnership (C-TRIUMPH): protocol for a multicentric prospective observational study

Post Date: 
2016-02-25
Publication: 
BMJ Open
Country: 
India
Introduction: Tuberculosis disease (TB) remains an important global health threat. An evidence-based response, tailored to local disease epidemiology in high-burden countries, is key to controlling the global TB epidemic. Reliable surrogate biomarkers that predict key active disease and latent TB...

Low Vitamin-D levels combined with PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J host variants is strongly associated with tuberculosis and death in HIV-infected and -exposed infants

Post Date: 
2016-02-12
Publication: 
PLOS One
Country: 
South Africa
Background: This study examined the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and specific host genetic variants that affect vitamin D levels or its effects on immune function, with the risk of TB or mortality in children. Methods: A case-cohort sample of 466 South African infants enrolled in P1041 trial...

Prevalence and risk factors of micronutrient deficiencies pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a diverse multicountry cohort of HIV-infected adults

Post Date: 
2016-02-10
Publication: 
Clinical Nutrition
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
United States
Zimbabwe
Background & Aims: HIV-infected adults have increased risk of several individual micronutrient deficiencies. However, the prevalence and risk factors of concurrent and multiple micronutrient deficiencies and whether micronutrient concentrations change after antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

TLR2-modulating lipoproteins of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex enhance the HIV infectivity of CD4+ T cells

Post Date: 
2016-01-25
Publication: 
PLoS One
Country: 
United States
Abstract Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis accelerates progression from HIV to AIDS. Our previous studies showed that M. tuberculosis complex, unlike M. smegmatis, enhances TLR2-dependent susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to HIV. The M. tuberculosis complex produces multiple TLR2-...

The epidemiologic and economic impact of improving HIV testing, linkage, and retention in care in the United States

Post Date: 
2016-01-15
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Country: 
United States
Background : Recent guidelines advocate early antiretroviral therapy (ART) to decrease human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) morbidity and prevent transmission, but suboptimal engagement in care may compromise impact. We sought to determine the economic and epidemiologic impact of incomplete...

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