Publications

Quantitative IFN-y,IL-2 response and latent tuberculosis test discordance in HIV-infected pregnant women

Post Date: 
2016-01-14
Publication: 
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Country: 
India
Rationale: Pregnant women with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at high risk for development of TB, especially if infected with HIV. Objectives: To assess the performance of LTBI tests in pregnant and postpartum women infected with HIV, investigate the immunology behind discordance in...

Senior center-based hepatitis C screening in Baltimore

Post Date: 
2016-01-06
Publication: 
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Country: 
United States
Abstract Despite significant advancements in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments, the majority of individuals infected with HCV remain undiagnosed. We report on senior citizen center-based HCV testing in Baltimore, which revealed a 9.4% prevalence of infection. Our data suggest that community-based...

Toward earlier inclusion of pregnant and postpartum women in TB drug trials: consensus statements from an International Expert Panel

Post Date: 
2016-01-04
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women of childbearing age (15–44 years). Despite increased tuberculosis risk during pregnancy, optimal clinical treatment remains unclear: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data for many tuberculosis drugs are lacking, and trials...

Cost effectiveness of isoniazid preventive therapy for HIV-infected pregnant women in India

Post Date: 
2016-01-01
Publication: 
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Country: 
India
Background: India has a high burden of active tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pregnancy increases the risks of developing TB in HIV-infected women. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces progression to TB, but may increase costs and hepatotoxicity. The cost-...

Determinants of default from tuberculosis treatment among patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan: a mixed methods study

Post Date: 
2015-11-12
Publication: 
PLOS One
Country: 
Pakistan
Purpose: Non-adherence to tuberculosis therapy can lead to drug resistance, prolonged infectiousness, and death; therefore, understanding what causes treatment default is important. Pakistan has one of the highest burdens of tuberculosis in the world, yet there have been no qualitative studies in...

Pediatric tuberculous meningitis: model-based approach to determining optimal doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs for children

Post Date: 
2015-10-22
Publication: 
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Country: 
India
Indonesia
South Africa
Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a highly morbid, often fatal disease. Standard treatment includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Current rifampin dosing achieves low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations, and CSF penetration of ethambutol is poor. In adult trials,...

Recurrent Aeromonas bacteremia due to contaminated well water

Post Date: 
2015-10-20
Publication: 
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Country: 
United States
Although they are ubiquitous to aquatic environments, Aeromonas species have traditionally been considered nonvirulent; however, in the past 30 years, they have emerged as important human pathogens that can cause a wide spectrum of disease. In this study, we describe a case of recurrent Aeromonas...

RePORT International: advancing tuberculosis biomarker research through global collaboration

Post Date: 
2015-10-15
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Country: 
India
Indonesia
Progress in tuberculosis clinical research is hampered by a lack of reliable biomarkers that predict progression from latent to active tuberculosis, and subsequent cure, relapse, or failure. Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT) International represents a consortium...

Soluble CD14: An independent biomarker for risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission in setting of pre- and post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis

Post Date: 
2015-10-06
Publication: 
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
United States
Zimbabwe
Elevated soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations, a marker of monocyte activation, predicts adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. To examine the association of sCD14 concentrations with the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, we nested a case-control...

Economic and epidemiological impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation in India

Post Date: 
2015-10-01
Publication: 
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Country: 
India
Introduction: Recent WHO guidance advocates for early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation at higher CD4 counts to improve survival and reduce HIV transmission. We sought to quantify how the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact of early ART strategies in India are affected by attrition...

Pre-cART elevation of CRP and CD4+ T-cell immune activation associated with HIV clinical progression in a multinational case-cohort study

Post Date: 
2015-10-01
Publication: 
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
United States
Zimbabwe
Background: Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a subset of HIV-infected patients who initiate cART develop early clinical progression to AIDS; therefore, some cART initiators are not fully benefitted by cART. Immune activation pre-cART may predict clinical progression...

Mother and child both matter: reconceptualizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission care continuum

Post Date: 
2015-09-08
Publication: 
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
Purpose of review: To propose a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care continuum that defines the programmatic steps necessary to provide HIV care to the HIV-infected pregnant woman and her infant during the risk period for HIV transmission. Recent findings: There are several...

Contraceptive use and factors associated with postpartum surgical sterilization among HIV-infected women in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2015-08-21
Publication: 
Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services
Country: 
India
The authors desire to better understand contraceptive practices and factors associated with surgical tubal ligation (STL) among HIV-infected women. Secondary data were obtained from HIV-infected women enrolled in a National Institutes of Health–funded clinical trial assessing the efficacy of...

Effectiveness of peer support on care engagement and preventive care intervention utilization among pre-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected adults in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized trial

Post Date: 
2015-08-14
Publication: 
AIDS and Behavior
Country: 
Uganda
442 pre-ART, HIV-infected adults were randomized to peer support consisting of structured home visits to promote clinic attendance and preventive care intervention use or standard of care. At baseline, 62 % reported previously visiting an HIV clinic, 45 % reported taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis,...

Failure to use and sustain male condom usage: lessons learned from a prospective study among men attending STI clinic in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2015-08-13
Publication: 
PLOS One
Country: 
India
Background: Sustained or consistent use of condoms by men remains a challenge. A study was carried out to identify factors associated with failure to use condoms consistently by men attending STD clinics in Pune, India. Method: Among 14137 STI clinic attendees, 8360 HIV sero-negative men were...

Development of global health education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: a student-driven initiative

Post Date: 
2015-07-27
Publication: 
Medical Education Online
Global health is increasingly present in the formal educational curricula of medical schools across North America. In 2008, students at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) perceived a lack of structured global health education in the existing curriculum and began working with the...

Post-arrival tuberculosis screening at a local health department of high-risk immigrants

Post Date: 
2015-07-15
Publication: 
American Journal of Public Health
Country: 
United States
Objectives : We sought to characterize postimmigration tuberculosis (TB) care for Class B immigrants and refugees at the Baltimore City Health Department TB program (BCHD), and to determine the proportion of immigrants with active TB or latent TB infection (LTBI) in this high-risk population...

GETHealth Summit Report—2014, Conference Proceedings

Post Date: 
2015-07-08
The GETHealth Summit brought together healthcare professionals, representatives from the technology and education sectors, academic researchers, global health experts from backgrounds including non-governmental organisations to government. This diverse group of delegates were brought together to...

Concurrent anemia and elevated CRP predicts HIV clinical treatment failure, including TB, post-antiretroviral therapy initiation

Post Date: 
2015-07-01
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Country: 
Brazil
Haiti
India
Malawi
Peru
South Africa
Thailand
United States
Zimbabwe
Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, and recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...

Policy Guidance: The Use of Lateral-Flow Urine LAM for Diagnosis and Screening of Active TB in People Living with HIV

Post Date: 
2015-06-30
Publication: 
WHO: The Use of Lateral-Flow Urine LAM for Diagnosis and Screening of Active TB in People Living with HIV
Background : Tests based on the detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine have emerged as potential point-of-care tests for tuberculosis (TB). LAM antigen is a lipopolysaccharide present in mycobacterial cell walls, which is released from metabolically active or...

Pages