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Awareness and support for graphic health warnings on smokeless tobacco packages in Navi Mumbai, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Post Date:

2015-12-04

Publication:

Tobacco Control

Country:

Awareness and support for graphic health warnings on smokeless tobacco packages in Navi Mumbai, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Determinants of default from tuberculosis treatment among patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan: a mixed methods study

Post Date:

2015-11-12

Publication:

PLOS One

Country:

Pakistan

Purpose: Non-adherence to tuberculosis therapy can lead to drug resistance, prolonged infectiousness, and death; therefore, understanding what causes treatment default is important. Pakistan has one of the highest burdens of tuberculosis in the world, yet there have been no qualitative studies in...

Pediatric tuberculous meningitis: model-based approach to determining optimal doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs for children

Post Date:

2015-10-22

Publication:

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Country:

India

Indonesia

South Africa

Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a highly morbid, often fatal disease. Standard treatment includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Current rifampin dosing achieves low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations, and CSF penetration of ethambutol is poor. In adult trials,...

Recurrent Aeromonas bacteremia due to contaminated well water

Post Date:

2015-10-20

Publication:

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Country:

United States

Although they are ubiquitous to aquatic environments, Aeromonas species have traditionally been considered nonvirulent; however, in the past 30 years, they have emerged as important human pathogens that can cause a wide spectrum of disease. In this study, we describe a case of recurrent Aeromonas...

RePORT International: advancing tuberculosis biomarker research through global collaboration

Post Date:

2015-10-15

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Country:

India

Indonesia

Progress in tuberculosis clinical research is hampered by a lack of reliable biomarkers that predict progression from latent to active tuberculosis, and subsequent cure, relapse, or failure. Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT) International represents a consortium...

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at a tertiary care institute during a public health awareness campaign

Post Date:

2015-10-09

Publication:

International Journal of Health Sciences

Country:

India

Background: Breast feeding has several benefits for both the infants and mothers. However, despite strong evidences in support of breast feeding its prevalence has remained low worldwide. The objective of the present study was to examine the knowledge and attitude towards breast feeding and infant...

Soluble CD14: An independent biomarker for risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission in setting of pre- and post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis

Post Date:

2015-10-06

Publication:

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Country:

Elevated soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations, a marker of monocyte activation, predicts adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. To examine the association of sCD14 concentrations with the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, we nested a case-control...

Economic and epidemiological impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation in India

Post Date:

2015-10-01

Publication:

Journal of the International AIDS Society

Country:

India

Introduction: Recent WHO guidance advocates for early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation at higher CD4 counts to improve survival and reduce HIV transmission. We sought to quantify how the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact of early ART strategies in India are affected by attrition...

Pre-cART elevation of CRP and CD4+ T-cell immune activation associated with HIV clinical progression in a multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2015-10-01

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Country:

Background: Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a subset of HIV-infected patients who initiate cART develop early clinical progression to AIDS; therefore, some cART initiators are not fully benefitted by cART. Immune activation pre-cART may predict clinical progression...

Maternal Smokeless Tobacco Use in Pregnancy and Adverse Health Outcomes in Newborn babies

Post Date:

2015-09-17

Publication:

The Asian Man

Country:

India

BACKGROUND: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are important indicators of maternal health and the future health of the child. Smokeless tobacco (ST) use during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), preterm births, stillbirths, and small for gestation age (SGA). This study...

Mother and child both matter: reconceptualizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission care continuum

Post Date:

2015-09-08

Publication:

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Purpose of review: To propose a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care continuum that defines the programmatic steps necessary to provide HIV care to the HIV-infected pregnant woman and her infant during the risk period for HIV transmission. Recent findings: There are several...

Contraceptive use and factors associated with postpartum surgical sterilization among HIV-infected women in Pune, India

Post Date:

2015-08-21

Publication:

Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services

Country:

India

The authors desire to better understand contraceptive practices and factors associated with surgical tubal ligation (STL) among HIV-infected women. Secondary data were obtained from HIV-infected women enrolled in a National Institutes of Health–funded clinical trial assessing the efficacy of...

Effectiveness of peer support on care engagement and preventive care intervention utilization among pre-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected adults in Rakai, Uganda: a randomized trial

Post Date:

2015-08-14

Publication:

AIDS and Behavior

Country:

Uganda

442 pre-ART, HIV-infected adults were randomized to peer support consisting of structured home visits to promote clinic attendance and preventive care intervention use or standard of care. At baseline, 62 % reported previously visiting an HIV clinic, 45 % reported taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis,...

Failure to use and sustain male condom usage: lessons learned from a prospective study among men attending STI clinic in Pune, India

Post Date:

2015-08-13

Publication:

PLOS One

Country:

India

Background: Sustained or consistent use of condoms by men remains a challenge. A study was carried out to identify factors associated with failure to use condoms consistently by men attending STD clinics in Pune, India. Method: Among 14137 STI clinic attendees, 8360 HIV sero-negative men were...

Development of global health education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: a student-driven initiative

Post Date:

2015-07-27

Publication:

Medical Education Online

Global health is increasingly present in the formal educational curricula of medical schools across North America. In 2008, students at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) perceived a lack of structured global health education in the existing curriculum and began working with the...

Post-arrival tuberculosis screening at a local health department of high-risk immigrants

Post Date:

2015-07-15

Publication:

American Journal of Public Health

Country:

United States

Objectives : We sought to characterize postimmigration tuberculosis (TB) care for Class B immigrants and refugees at the Baltimore City Health Department TB program (BCHD), and to determine the proportion of immigrants with active TB or latent TB infection (LTBI) in this high-risk population...

GETHealth Summit Report—2014, Conference Proceedings

Post Date:

2015-07-08

The GETHealth Summit brought together healthcare professionals, representatives from the technology and education sectors, academic researchers, global health experts from backgrounds including non-governmental organisations to government. This diverse group of delegates were brought together to...

Concurrent anemia and elevated CRP predicts HIV clinical treatment failure, including TB, post-antiretroviral therapy initiation

Post Date:

2015-07-01

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Country:

Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, and recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...

Policy Guidance: The Use of Lateral-Flow Urine LAM for Diagnosis and Screening of Active TB in People Living with HIV

Post Date:

2015-06-30

Publication:

WHO: The Use of Lateral-Flow Urine LAM for Diagnosis and Screening of Active TB in People Living with HIV

Background : Tests based on the detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine have emerged as potential point-of-care tests for tuberculosis (TB). LAM antigen is a lipopolysaccharide present in mycobacterial cell walls, which is released from metabolically active or...

Feasibility and acceptability of smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment of alcohol use among African American men who have sex with men in Baltimore

Post Date:

2015-06-17

Publication:

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Country:

United States

Background: Alcohol use is a risk factor for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among African American men who havesex with men (MSM). Mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA) could minimize bias due to retrospective recall and thus provide a better understanding...