Publications - United States

Regional Differences in Risk of Recurrent Falls Among Older U.S. Women and Men with HIV in the HIV Infection, Aging, and Immune Function Long-Term Observational Study

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2022-05-03

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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Geographic location was a strong predictor of falls among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We examined regional variation in falls in a more geographically diverse cohort of older people with HIV (PWH) and explored whether physical activity, sex, or body–mass...

Sex and gender differences in COVID testing, hospital admission, presentation, and drivers of severe outcomes in the DC/Maryland region

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2021-08-31

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medRxiv

Rates of severe illness and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 are greater for males, but the mechanisms for this difference are unclear.

Comparison of Time to Clinical Improvement With vs Without Remdesivir Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

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2021-03-24

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JAMA Network Open

Just Published in JAMA Network Open: In this retrospective analysis, remdesivir was associated with faster clinical improvement of COVID-19 in a cohort of predominantly non-White patients

Aspergillosis Complicating Severe Coronavirus Disease

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2021-01-01

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EID Journal

Aspergillosis complicating severe influenza infection has been increasingly detected worldwide. Recently, coronavirus disease–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been detected through rapid reports, primarily from centers in Europe. We provide a case series of CAPA, adding 20 cases to the...

Nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for TB prevention

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2020-11-26

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The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Background: The use of rifamycin antibiotics for TB prevention carries a risk of detrimental drug-drug interactions with concomitantly used ART. Objectives: To evaluate the interaction of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine in combination with 4 weeks of daily rifapentine and isoniazid for TB...

Patient Trajectories Among Persons Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Cohort Study

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2020-09-22

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Annals of Internals Medicine

Risk factors for progression of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) to severe disease or death are underexplored in U.S. cohorts.

A population pharmacokinetic analysis shows that arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) gene polymorphism and HIV infection affect the exposure of rifapentine

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2019-03-29

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Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy

New analysis published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy!

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

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2017-02-06

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized. ...

Sex-related differences in inflammatory and immune activation markers before and after combined antiretroviral therapy initiation

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2016-10-01

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation as a potential explanation. Methods: Inflammatory and immune activation markers [...

Inflammation and change in body weight with antiretroviral therapy initiation in a multinational cohort of HIV-infected adults

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2016-04-01

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The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Background: Both wasting and obesity are associated with inflammation, but the extent to which body weight changes influence inflammation during human immunodeficiency virus infection is unknown. Methods: Among a random virologically suppressed participants of the...

Persistently elevated C-reactive protein level in the first year of antiretroviral therapy, despite virologic suppression, is associated with HIV disease progression in resource-constrained settings

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2016-04-01

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The Journal of Infectious Diseases

A case-cohort analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) was performed within a multicountry randomized trial (PEARLS) to assess the prevalence of persistently elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, based on serial...

Prevalence and risk factors of micronutrient deficiencies pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a diverse multicountry cohort of HIV-infected adults

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2016-02-10

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Clinical Nutrition

Background & Aims: HIV-infected adults have increased risk of several individual micronutrient deficiencies. However, the prevalence and risk factors of concurrent and multiple micronutrient deficiencies and whether micronutrient concentrations change after antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

Soluble CD14: An independent biomarker for risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission in setting of pre- and post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis

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2015-10-06

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The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Elevated soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations, a marker of monocyte activation, predicts adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. To examine the association of sCD14 concentrations with the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, we nested a case-...

Pre-cART elevation of CRP and CD4+ T-cell immune activation associated with HIV clinical progression in a multinational case-cohort study

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2015-10-01

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a subset of HIV-infected patients who initiate cART develop early clinical progression to AIDS; therefore, some cART initiators are not fully benefitted by cART. Immune activation pre-cART may predict clinical...

Concurrent anemia and elevated CRP predicts HIV clinical treatment failure, including TB, post-antiretroviral therapy initiation

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2015-07-01

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, and recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (...

Efavirenz pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention

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2015-06-16

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Concomitant use of rifamycins to treat or prevent tuberculosis can result in subtherapeutic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs. We studied the interaction of efavirenz with daily rifapentine and isoniazid in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving a 4...

C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings

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2015-02-26

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PLOS One

Objective: The association between pre-antiretroviral (ART) inflammation and immune activation and risk for incident tuberculosis (TB) after ART initiation among adults is uncertain. Design: Nested case-control study (n = 332) within ACTG PEARLS trial of...

Pre-antiretroviral therapy selenium status predicts WHO stages 3, 4 or death but not virologic failure post-antiretroviral therapy

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2014-11-13

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Nutrients

A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency...

25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is associated with HIV disease progression and virological failure post-antiretroviral therapy initiation in diverse multinational settings

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2014-07-15

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The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Background: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with increased HIV mortality, but prospective studies assessing treatment outcomes after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation in resource-limited settings are lacking. Methods...

Change in Vitamin D levels occurs early after antiretroviral therapy initiation and depends on treatment regimen in resource-limited settings

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2014-04-21

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PLOS One

Background: Vitamin D has wide-ranging effects on the immune system, and studies suggest that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with worse clinical outcomes in HIV. Recent studies have identified an interaction between antiretrovirals used to treat HIV and reduced serum vitamin D...

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