Publications - Antiretroviral therapy

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HIV Medicine

Over 6 years, one-third of HIV+ adolescents in this study discontinued medical treatment, indicating a critical need for retention counselling and closer clinical monitoring.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation in HIV-infected pregnant women is associated with preterm birth

Post Date:

2018-03-24

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NIRT

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

Clinical Infectious Diseases: Select immune markers can identify women at higher risk for pre-term birth in HIV-1-infected populations; modulating gut barrier integrity and microbial translocation may have an effect.

What will it take to reduce HIV incidence in the United States: A mathematical modeling analysis

Post Date:

2018-01-06

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United States

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Modeling and simulations suggest that cutting HIV incidence in half by 2025 will require 95% of people living with HIV to be engaged in care.

HIV prevention efforts and incidence in HIV in Uganda

Post Date:

2017-11-30

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New England Journal of Medicine

In a large study in Uganda, Dr. Larry Chang and colleagues found that combination HIV prevention has population level implications, reducing new infections by 42%.

Risk factors for early mortality on antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-infected adults

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2017-10-23

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AIDS

Background: Many HIV-infected individuals present with advanced HIV disease. These patients are at high risk of death after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, but risk factors for death in these patients are unclear. Methods: We used data from a multisite randomized trial comparing empiric vs...

Impact of a community health worker HIV treatment and prevention intervention in an HIV hotspot fishing community in Rakai, Uganda (mLAKE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Post Date:

2017-10-23

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Trials

Abstract Background: Effective yet practical strategies are needed to increase engagement in HIV treatment and prevention services, particularly in high-HIV-prevalence hotspots. We designed a community-based intervention called "Health Scouts" to promote uptake and adherence to HIV services in a...

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

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2017-07-01

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NIRT

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized...

The impact of preexposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men: An individual-based model

Post Date:

2017-06-01

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United States

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Objectives Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for preventing HIV infection among individuals at high risk, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Although its individual-level efficacy is proven, questions remain regarding population-level impact of PrEP implementation. Design We...

Design and implementation of a community health worker HIV treatment and prevention intervention in an HIV hot spot fishing community in Rakai, Uganda

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2017-05-22

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Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

Abstract Innovative approaches are needed to increase engagement in HIV treatment and prevention services, particularly in HIV hot spots. Here, we detail our design, training approach, and early implementation experiences of a community-based HIV intervention called "health scouts." The...

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2017-02-06

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized. Methods: We...

Sex-related differences in inflammatory and immune activation markers before and after combined antiretroviral therapy initiation

Post Date:

2016-10-01

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation as a potential explanation. Methods: Inflammatory and immune activation markers [interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor...

Efficacy of six-week extended-dose nevirapine varies by infant birth weight with greatest relative efficacy in low birth weight infants

Post Date:

2016-09-30

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PLOS One

Low birth weight (LBW), defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as birth weight less than 2500 g, is a significant public health issue in resource-limited settings, particularly in Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia where the estimated annual incidence is 14% and 28–31%, respectively, and the...

Community-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy adherence, retention in HIV care and clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries for achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets

Post Date:

2016-07-30

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Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Little is known about the effect of community versus health facility-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, virologic suppression, and retention in care among HIV-infected individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically searched...

Continued elevation of interleukin-18 and interferon-γ after initiation of antiretroviral therapy and clinical failure in a diverse multicountry human immunodeficiency virus cohort

Post Date:

2016-07-27

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Background: We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods: We performed a case-control study in ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as...

Association of medical male circumcision and antiretroviral therapy scale-up with community HIV incidence in Rakai, Uganda

Post Date:

2016-07-12

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JAMA

IMPORTANCE: Medical male circumcision (MMC) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are proven HIV prevention interventions, but there are limited data on the population-level effect of scale-up of these interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. Such evaluation is important for planning and resource allocation...

Inflammation and change in body weight with antiretroviral therapy initiation in a multinational cohort of HIV-infected adults

Post Date:

2016-07-01

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