Publications - Antiretroviral therapy

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BMC Medicine

Factors identified through exploratory factor analysis were associated with adverse outcomes in HIV-infected individuals.

Challenges of TB and co-treatment: updates and insights

Post Date:

2018-08-04

Publication:

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the past few years, tuberculosis (TB) has overtaken HIV as the infectious disease with the highest global mortality. Successful management of this syndemic will require improved diagnostic tests, shorter preventive therapies, and more effective treatments, particularly in...

Loss to follow‐up and mortality among HIV‐infected adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India

Post Date:

2018-06-25

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HIV Medicine

Over 6 years, one-third of HIV+ adolescents in this study discontinued medical treatment, indicating a critical need for retention counselling and closer clinical monitoring.

Hepatotoxicity during isoniazid preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV with severe immunosuppression: a secondary analysis of a multi-country open-label randomized controlled clinical trial

Post Date:

2018-05-01

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

BACKGROUND: Hepatotoxicity associated with isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been well studied in severely immunosuppressed people with HIV. Our objective was to determine risk factors for hepatotoxicity in severely immunosuppressed individuals taking IPT...

Hepatotoxicity during isoniazid preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV with severe immunosuppression: a secondary analysis of a multi-country open-label randomized controlled clinical trial

Post Date:

2018-05-01

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hepatotoxicity associated with isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been well studied in severely immunosuppressed people with HIV. Our objective was to determine risk factors for hepatotoxicity in severely immunosuppressed individuals taking IPT and ART.

Prevention of HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding: efficacy of safety of maternal antiretroviral therapy versus infant nevirapine prophylaxis for duration of breatfeeding in HIV-1-infected women with high CD4 cell count (IMPAACT PROMISE): a randomize

Post Date:

2018-04-01

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

BACKGROUND: No randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of prolonged infant antiretroviral prophylaxis versus maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission throughout the breastfeeding period. SETTING: Fourteen sites in Sub-Saharan Africa and India...

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation in HIV-infected pregnant women is associated with preterm birth

Post Date:

2018-03-24

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NIRT

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Our results show select immune markers can identify women at higher risk for PTB in HIV-1-infected populations and suggest modulating gut barrier integrity and microbial translocation may affect PTB.

What will it take to reduce HIV incidence in the United States: A mathematical modeling analysis

Post Date:

2018-01-06

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United States

Publication:

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Modeling and simulations suggest that cutting HIV incidence in half by 2025 will require 95% of people living with HIV to be engaged in care.

HIV prevention efforts and incidence in HIV in Uganda

Post Date:

2017-11-30

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New England Journal of Medicine

In a large study in Uganda, Dr. Larry Chang and colleagues found that combination HIV prevention has population level implications, reducing new infections by 42%.

Impact of a community health worker HIV treatment and prevention intervention in an HIV hotspot fishing community in Rakai, Uganda (mLAKE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Post Date:

2017-10-23

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Trials

Abstract Background: Effective yet practical strategies are needed to increase engagement in HIV treatment and prevention services, particularly in high-HIV-prevalence hotspots. We designed a community-based intervention called "Health Scouts" to promote uptake and adherence to HIV services in a...

Risk factors for early mortality on antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-infected adults

Post Date:

2017-10-23

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AIDS

Background: Many HIV-infected individuals present with advanced HIV disease. These patients are at high risk of death after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, but risk factors for death in these patients are unclear. Methods: We used data from a multisite randomized trial comparing empiric vs...

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2017-07-01

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NIRT

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized...

The impact of preexposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men: An individual-based model

Post Date:

2017-06-01

Countries:

United States

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Objectives Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for preventing HIV infection among individuals at high risk, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Although its individual-level efficacy is proven, questions remain regarding population-level impact of PrEP implementation. Design We...

Design and implementation of a community health worker HIV treatment and prevention intervention in an HIV hot spot fishing community in Rakai, Uganda

Post Date:

2017-05-22

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Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

Abstract Innovative approaches are needed to increase engagement in HIV treatment and prevention services, particularly in HIV hot spots. Here, we detail our design, training approach, and early implementation experiences of a community-based HIV intervention called "health scouts." The...

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2017-02-06

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized. Methods: We...

Sex-related differences in inflammatory and immune activation markers before and after combined antiretroviral therapy initiation

Post Date:

2016-10-01

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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation as a potential explanation. Methods: Inflammatory and immune activation markers [interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor...

Efficacy of six-week extended-dose nevirapine varies by infant birth weight with greatest relative efficacy in low birth weight infants

Post Date:

2016-09-30

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PLOS One

Low birth weight (LBW), defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as birth weight less than 2500 g, is a significant public health issue in resource-limited settings, particularly in Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia where the estimated annual incidence is 14% and 28–31%, respectively,...

Community-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy adherence, retention in HIV care and clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries for achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets

Post Date:

2016-07-30

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Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Little is known about the effect of community versus health facility-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, virologic suppression, and retention in care among HIV-infected individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We systematically searched...

Continued elevation of interleukin-18 and interferon-γ after initiation of antiretroviral therapy and clinical failure in a diverse multicountry human immunodeficiency virus cohort

Post Date:

2016-07-27

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Background: We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods: We performed a case-control study in ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as...

Association of medical male circumcision and antiretroviral therapy scale-up with community HIV incidence in Rakai, Uganda

Post Date:

2016-07-12

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