Publications - Drug resistance

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New England Journal of Medicine

Dr. Jeff Tornheim and colleagues respond to an NEJM article about shorter course TB treatment.

Third-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries (ACTG A5288): a prospective strategy study

Post Date:

2019-07-29

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Lancet HIV

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) management is challenging for individuals in resource-limited settings presenting for third-line treatment because of complex resistance patterns, partly due to reduced access to viral load monitoring. We aimed to evaluate use of newer antiretroviral drugs...

Infection free "resisters" among household contacts of adult pulmonary tuberculosis

Post Date:

2019-07-18

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Democratic Republic of Congo

NIRT

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PLoS One

Despite substantial exposure to infectious pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases, some household contacts (HHC) never acquire latent TB infection (LTBI). Characterizing these "resisters" can inform who to study immunologically for the development of TB vaccines. We enrolled HHCs of culture-confirmed...

HIV-ASSIST

Post Date:

2019-07-16

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HIVSpecialist

HIVSpecialist: Dr. Maunank Shah and colleagues chronicle the development of HIV-ASSIST, a tool to help guide selections for patient-centered antiretroviral therapy.

Prevalence, predictors, and successful treatment outcomes of Xpert MTB/RIF-identified rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in post-conflict Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2012-2017: A retrospective province-wide cohort study

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2019-02-13

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) jeopardizes global TB control. The prevalence and predictors of Rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB, a proxy for MDR-TB, and the treatment outcomes with standard and shortened regimens have not been assessed in post-conflict regions, such as the South...

Few eligible for the newly recommended short course MDR-TB regimen at a large Mumbai private clinic

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2019-01-28

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BMC Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: India has the world's highest tuberculosis burden, and Mumbai is particularly affected by multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). WHO recommends short, intensive treatment ("Short Course") for previously untreated pulmonary MDR-TB patients but does not require universal drug...

HIV testing uptake among the household contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis index cases in eight countries

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2019-01-07

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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : The Indo-JHU Clinical Research Parentership participated in this multinational study to determine if it's feasible to provide HIV testing for household contacts of MDR-TB cases.

Multiplex-PCR to detect pAmpC β-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care laboratory in Mumbai, India

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2018-12-13

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Microbiology

Drug-resistance due to AmpC β-lactamases represents a growing problem worldwide. In this study, a previously collected sample of 108 cefoxitin-resistant clinical isolates was assessed for AmpC β-lactamase production through routine phenotypic testing and double-disc cefoxitin/cloxcallin (DD-CC),...

The mortality burden of multidrug-resistant pathogens in India: a retrospective observational study

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2018-11-08

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

We conducted a retrospective, ten hospital study of the relationship between multidrug-resistant pathogens and mortality in India. This is one of the largest studies undertaken in an LMIC to measure the burden of antibiotic resistance.

Drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization is associated with healthcare utilization and antimicrobial use among inpatients in Pune, India

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2018-10-04

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BMC Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: Healthcare exposure may increase drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization risk. Nascent antimicrobial stewardship efforts in low- and middle-income countries require setting-specific data. We aimed to evaluate risk factors for inpatient drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae...

Failure in TB control: why should the rapid diagnostic test bear the blame?

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2018-09-01

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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Dr. Sachit Atre's correspondence published in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.

Resource utilization for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis household contact investigations (A5300/I2003)

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2018-09-01

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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Current guidelines recommend evaluation of the household contacts of individuals with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; however, implementation of this policy is challenging.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Baltimore, Maryland – 2016: The importance of sentinel surveillance in the era of multi-drug resistant gonorrhea

Post Date:

2018-08-17

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United States

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Antibiotics

The increasing rates of gonorrhea infections and the global emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) threaten the successful management of gonorrhea. In the era of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), surveillance projects are urgently needed to monitor...

Pyrosequencing to resolve discrepant Xpert MTB/RIF and Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube 960

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2018-03-26

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Lung India

Lung India: Indo-JHU researchers find that pyrosequencing can clear up discrepancies about drug resistance in TB.

How feasible is pharmaceutical regulation in India?

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2018-01-29

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The Lancet Global Health

Lancet Global Health: Dr. Sachin Atre outlines factors that complicate pharmaceutical regulation in India, which is a component of WHO's Global Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan.

The use of clinical decision support in reducing diagnosis of and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria

Post Date:

2017-12-06

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United States

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Journal of Hospital Medicine

Clinical decision support embedded within the electronic health record is a potential antibiotic stewardship strategy for hospitalized patients.

Antibiotic utilization and the role of suspected and diagnosed mosquito borne illness among adults and children with acute febrile illness in Pune, India

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2017-12-04

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

Mosquito-borne disease identification is associated with reduced empiric antibiotic use and faster antibiotic discontinuation.

Of testing and treatment: Implications of implementing new regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Post Date:

2017-10-01

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

A novel, shorter-course regimen for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis was recently recommended by the World Health Organization. However, the most appropriate use of drug susceptibility testing (DST) to support this regimen is less clear. Implementing countries must therefore often...

High burden of antimicrobial resistance and mortality among adults and children with community-onset bacterial infections in India

Post Date:

2017-04-15

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